Population and Community Health Nursing 6th Edition Test Bank
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Population and Community Health Nursing, 6e (Clark)
Chapter 4 Environmental Influences on Population
Health
1) While making a home
visit the population health nurse learns that the youngest child brought home a
stray dog to be taken care of by the family members. What health risks does
this child’s action pose to the family? (Select all that apply.)
1. Bites.
2. Diseases from fleas.
3. Exposure to noroviruses.
4. Potential rabies exposure.
5. Risk for Clostridium perfringens.
Answer: 1, 2, 4
Explanation: 1.
Pets serve as a source of disease for humans. Bites are a source of potential
injury especially from overly possessive dogs. Diseases such as the plague can
be transmitted from fleas. Rabies can also be transmitted from a pet. Exposure
to noroviruses and the risk for Clostridium perfringens are transmitted through
contaminated food.
2.
Pets serve as a source
of disease for humans. Bites are a source of potential injury especially from
overly possessive dogs. Diseases such as the plague can be transmitted from
fleas. Rabies can also be transmitted from a pet. Exposure to noroviruses and
the risk for Clostridium perfringens are transmitted through contaminated food.
3.
Pets serve as a source
of disease for humans. Bites are a source of potential injury especially from
overly possessive dogs. Diseases such as the plague can be transmitted from
fleas. Rabies can also be transmitted from a pet. Exposure to noroviruses and
the risk for Clostridium perfringens are transmitted through contaminated food.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Assessment
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
Learning
Outcome: 4-1
2) An oil storage tank
has leaked and the surrounding residential area has been saturated with the
leaked oil. Which health precaution should the homeowner take?
1.
Use a strong detergent
to clean the yards.
2.
Avoid planting
vegetables in the contaminated soil.
3.
Inform the local media
regarding the contaminant spill.
4.
Install smoke
detectors in the home as a fire precaution.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 2.
Planting vegetables in the soil should be avoided until the soil can be
certified as safe. Growing and consuming food grown in contaminated soil can
lead to illness from the contaminants. While detergents can be used to clean
the yard, these detergents need to be appropriate to avoid further soil
contamination. Installing smoke detectors as a fire precaution is unnecessary
because the oil-saturated soil will not burn. Informing the local media is not
going to protect health.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Safe and Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-2
3) A coal-fired energy
plant is built next to a residential area. Since the plant opened the
population health nurse notes an increase in respiratory diseases in
individuals who live close to the plant. What should the nurse use to explain
this phenomenon?
1.
Urban sprawl.
2.
Poor land use mix.
3.
The built environment.
4.
The community
ecological footprint.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 2.
Land use mix refers to an environment that has a mix of residential,
commercial, and noncommercial uses. In this community the land use mix is
haphazard, resulting in a fuel plant that is located next to a residential
area. A coal-fired fuel plant will have emissions that can lead to respiratory
conditions. The built environment includes buildings and spaces but is not the
appropriate answer. Urban sprawl refers to communities that are built beyond
set geographic limits. The ecological footprint refers to the area of biologically
productive space required for a person.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-2
4) A once prosperous
and thriving neighborhood has become run-down and its residents have a lower
socioeconomic status. There is greater unemployment in this neighborhood and
the police have seen a rise in crime in unemployed young adults. The population
health nurse determines this as being an effect of a declining:
1.
Built environment.
2.
Social environment.
3.
Natural environment.
4.
Ecological
environment.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 2.
A once thriving neighborhood that is now run-down, with a higher amount of
lower socioeconomic residents and higher unemployment will see an effect on
health through the decreasing of the neighborhood quality. A variety of factors
will impact health, from a rise in crime to other factors that include
potentially more environmental toxins, crowding, etc., than more affluent
areas. Natural environment refers to the flora and fauna of an area. Built
environment refers to buildings and spaces created by people. Ecologic
environment is the interaction of the natural, built, and social environments.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Evaluation
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-2
5) As part of a school
district health program for students, the nurse visits students diagnosed with
asthma at home. Which home environment factor should the nurse identify as
contributing to the development of this respiratory disease?
1. Pesticides.
2. Peeling paint.
3. Secondhand smoke.
4. A fuel source for cooking.
Answer: 3
Explanation: 3.
Exposure to secondhand smoke can lead to exacerbations of asthma in children.
The nurse is using the role of surveillance to determine factors in the home
environment that could trigger asthma attacks. Pesticides may or may not
contribute to the development of asthma. Peeling paint and fuel source for
cooking are not factors in asthma attacks.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Assessment
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-3
6) After a series of
heavy rains, the nurse in the local health department increases the water
monitoring of the local beach because several upstream creeks flow into it. Why
did the nurse increase the water monitoring?
1.
Monitor the water
purity of the creek flow.
2.
Make sure that no
debris is swept into the water.
3.
Make sure that tidal
currents are safe for swimming.
4.
Monitor the water for
potential microorganisms that could prevent safe swimming.
Answer: 4
Explanation: 4.
After heavy rains, water is stirred up, especially when other water sources
drain into the water, such as from upstream creeks. This can impair the water
quality, making it unsafe for swimming due to a potential increase in
microorganisms. Tidal currents do not require water monitoring. Routine
monitoring of the creek’s water purity is important, but it is more of a
priority after heavy rains, which can stir up the bottom when the water level
rises. Monitoring water quality has no bearing on whether debris is swept into
the water.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
Learning
Outcome: 4-3
7) The population
health nurse learns of an area within the community that floods after heavy
rains. Flooding has been a problem since development of this region over the
last several years. What should the nurse realize as the most accurate
explanation for the standing water?
1. The drainage system has not been inspected
regularly.
2. There are insufficient storm sewers to handle
the increased development.
3. There has been an overall change in the
precipitation patterns in the region.
4. The development has increased the amount of
impervious surfaces that do not absorb the rain water.
Answer: 4
Explanation: 4.
Increased development can result in paving land, which creates impervious
surfaces that would otherwise be able to absorb rainwater. This leads to
increased standing water after heavy rains. There is no indication that weather
patterns have changed, or that the drainage system or storm sewers are involved
or are inadequate.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Assessment
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-3
8) Due to budget cuts,
a community has reduced its garbage pickup frequency from twice a week to once
a week. Because of this the population health nurse should be concerned about
the potential increase in:
1. Making the area look unsightly.
2. Animal pests that could spread disease.
3. The amount of trash generated per household.
4. Spreading weeds from uncollected grass
clippings.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 2.
A cutback in the collection of garbage can allow it to pile up, which increases
the potential for animal pests around the garbage and the potential to spread
disease. Despite making the area look unsightly, this does not have the
potential to affect health, nor do weeds from uncollected grass clippings. The
amount of trash generated per household is not likely to increase; it will only
accumulate from being collected less frequently.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Planning
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
Learning
Outcome: 4-4
9) The population
health nurse is working with city council members to identify environmental
factors that negatively impact the health of community members. Which factors
should the nurse call to the attention of the council members? (Select all that
apply.)
1. Urban sprawl.
2. Gang violence.
3. Green space in communities.
4. Organized recreation programs.
5. Disparities in socioeconomic status.
Answer: 1, 2, 5
Explanation: 1.
Factors that negatively impact health include urban sprawl; disparities in
socioeconomic status, and gang violence. Green space in communities can
contribute to exercise and mental relaxation, which improve health. Organized
recreation programs can provide creative outlets for the community members, which
improves health.
2. Factors that negatively impact health include
urban sprawl; disparities in socioeconomic status, and gang violence. Green
space in communities can contribute to exercise and mental relaxation, which
improve health. Organized recreation programs can provide creative outlets for
the community members, which improves health.
3. Factors that negatively impact health include
urban sprawl; disparities in socioeconomic status, and gang violence. Green
space in communities can contribute to exercise and mental relaxation, which
improve health. Organized recreation programs can provide creative outlets for
the community members, which improves health.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-4
10) The population
health nurse receives a report that provides statistics on the increasing
number of telephone calls made to the poison control hotline. Based on this
information, what should the nurse do?
1. Enforce local ordinances for selling household
chemical agents.
2. Target homes for poisons contained in
household cleaning agents.
3. Promote legislation for restricting hazardous
materials in the home.
4. Educate the public about the hazards of
household chemicals and medications and their proper storage.
Answer: 4
Explanation: 4.
Educating the public about the hazards of household chemical and medications
and appropriate storage is a primary prevention intervention the nurse should
use for poison control. Targeting homes for poisons does not represent an
intervention. Enforcing local ordinances is not a realistic responsibility of
the nurse. Promoting legislation is an appropriate action, but will not
necessarily result in a decrease in hotline calls.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-5
11) The amount of
trash collected in one community is overwhelming local resources to collect and
store it. Which is the best approach for the population health nurse to take to
help decrease the amount of generated trash?
1. Encouraging use of fewer polluting products.
2. Promoting recycling efforts in the community.
3. Discouraging overuse of materials that generate
trash.
4. Educating the community about overbuying
household products.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 2.
Promoting recycling efforts can decrease the garbage stream, the amount of
trash generated, and landfill space. In addition, recycling can promote energy
conservation, which reduces use of fossil fuels. Educating the community about
overbuying household products does not necessarily mean that garbage generation
would decrease. Educating about the use of fewer polluting products or
discouraging use of trash-generating materials also does not mean that garbage
generation would decrease.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-5
12) The population
health nurse is aware of many young couples with children purchasing and
renovating older community homes. What prevention measure should the nurse
implement to ensure the safety of these families?
1. Screen all members for lead levels.
2. Monitor lead levels in the family members.
3. Encourage the safe removal of lead-based paint
in the homes.
4. Institute chelating measures for lead removal
in the family members.
Answer: 3
Explanation: 3.
A primary prevention measure for an older home would be to encourage the
removal of any lead-based paint. Screening and monitoring lead levels are
secondary prevention measures. Chelation therapy is a tertiary prevention
measure.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-5
13) During a health
fair the population health nurse notes that a child of a family renovating an
older home is demonstrating fatigue. What action should the nurse encourage the
parents to take?
1. Eat more foods with protein.
2. Have the child go to bed earlier.
3. Screen the child for serum lead levels.
4. Screen the child for hearing difficulties.
Answer: 3
Explanation: 3.
During a house renovation there is a possibility that the house may have lead
paint. Children should be screened for lead levels if there has been a change
in activity or affect. Having an earlier bedtime or eating a protein-rich diet
will have no effect if lead levels are high. Screening for hearing difficulties
is not an appropriate intervention if lead exposure is suspected.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Safe and Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-5
14) Mosquito control
services have been reduced in the community and the population health nurse is
concerned about the rise of mosquito-borne diseases. What secondary prevention
intervention measures should the nurse suggest to community leaders? (Select
all that apply.)
1. Instituting an education program about insect
control.
2. Promoting ordinances that control insect
breeding areas.
3. Monitoring the incidence of diseases caused by
mosquitoes.
4. Installing sentinel chicken monitoring
stations in local firehouses.
5. Promoting accessibility of diagnostic and
treatment services for diseases caused by mosquitoes.
Answer: 3, 4, 5
Explanation: 3.
Promoting accessibility and treatment services and monitoring incidence of
diseases caused by mosquitoes, including the installation of sentinel chicken
monitoring stations in local firehouses, are secondary prevention measures that
are aimed at protecting the population. Promoting ordinances and instituting an
education program about insect control are examples of primary prevention.
4. Promoting accessibility and treatment services
and monitoring incidence of diseases caused by mosquitoes, including the
installation of sentinel chicken monitoring stations in local firehouses, are
secondary prevention measures that are aimed at protecting the population.
Promoting ordinances and instituting an education program about insect control
are examples of primary prevention.
5. Promoting accessibility and treatment services
and monitoring incidence of diseases caused by mosquitoes, including the
installation of sentinel chicken monitoring stations in local firehouses, are
secondary prevention measures that are aimed at protecting the population.
Promoting ordinances and instituting an education program about insect control
are examples of primary prevention.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Safe and Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-5
15) After a hurricane
has devastated a community, the population health nurse becomes involved in
local recovery efforts. Which tertiary prevention measure should the nurse
consider to aid in the recovery of this community?
1. Promote legislation to reduce pollutant
emissions.
2. Promote replacement of hazard-producing
industrial processes.
3. Screen for the effects of environmental
changes that result from the hurricane.
4. Promote environmental policies to prevent
recurrence of problems that result from environmental changes caused by the
hurricane.
Answer: 4
Explanation: 4.
Promoting environmental policies to prevent recurrence is a tertiary measure.
Damage has already occurred and the objective is to restore capability to its
optimal level. Promoting legislation and screening are secondary measures.
Promoting replacement of hazard-producing processes is a primary measure.
Nursing/Int.Conc:
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need:
Safe and Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level:
Application
Learning
Outcome: 4-6
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