Success in Practical Vocational Nursing 8th Edition Test Bank
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Sample chapter :
Chapter 04: How
Practical/Vocational Nursing Evolved: 1836 to the Present
Knecht: Success in
Practical/Vocational Nursing, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The “first real school of nursing” was located in
|
a.
|
Israel.
|
|
b.
|
Greece.
|
|
c.
|
Italy.
|
|
d.
|
Germany.
|
ANS: D
The first real school
of nursing was founded by the Lutheran Order of Deaconesses under the
supervision of a German pastor, Theodor Fleidner, in Kaiserswerth, Germany. The
other options are incorrect.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p.
50
OBJ: 1
TOP:
History KEY:
Nursing Process Step:
N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2.
The best reason for
studying nursing history is
|
a.
|
to prepare for the NCLEX-PN examination.
|
|
b.
|
to make nurses more professional.
|
|
c.
|
to help nurses adapt to change.
|
|
d.
|
to learn from nursing’s past mistakes.
|
ANS: C
Knowledge of the
changes that have occurred in nursing prepares one to better understand and
adapt to continuing changes. The other options have lesser degrees of validity.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
REF: p.
50
OBJ: N/A
TOP:
Change in
nursing
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3.
When was the first
U.S. school of practical nursing founded?
|
a.
|
1830
|
|
b.
|
1853
|
|
c.
|
1892
|
|
d.
|
1902
|
ANS: C
The first class for
formal training of practical nurses was offered in 1892 at the YWCA in
Brooklyn, NY.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p.
50
OBJ: 1
TOP: History—first
PN
school
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
4. In what year was practical nurse licensure used for the first
time?
|
a.
|
1903
|
|
b.
|
1914
|
|
c.
|
1938
|
|
d.
|
1941
|
ANS: B
Mississippi law
provided for practical nurse licensure in 1914.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p.
57
OBJ: 4
TOP:
Practical nurse
licensure
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. The emergence of modern nursing is usually attributed to the
influence of
|
a.
|
Florence Nightingale.
|
|
b.
|
Clara Barton.
|
|
c.
|
Lillian Wald.
|
|
d.
|
Sairy Gamp.
|
ANS: A
Miss Nightingale’s
insistence that nurses be women of good character helped nursing emerge from
its “Dark Ages” and elevated it to a respectable vocation. In addition, she
established a school for nurse training and wrote several books on nursing.
Although Barton and Wald are positive examples in nursing history, neither
influenced nursing to the extent that Nightingale did. Sairy Gamp is a negative
character associated with nursing history.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: pp.
52-55 OBJ: 2
TOP:
Florence
Nightingale
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
6.
The first formal
training for practical nurses focused on
|
a.
|
care for victims of war injuries.
|
|
b.
|
home care for children and people with
chronic illness.
|
|
c.
|
training visiting nurses and public health
nurses.
|
|
d.
|
creating nursing instructors for nursing
programs.
|
ANS: B
The school at the
Brooklyn YWCA placed the focus of training for practical nurses on home health
care for patients with chronic illness, the aged, and children. The first
program, created in 1892, was not affected by war. When visiting nurses and
public health nurses went into the community, they were armed with their basic
education, as described. Any trained nurse could teach in a practical nurse
program at this point in time.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p. 57 | p. 58 OBJ: 1
TOP:
History KEY:
Nursing Process Step:
N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
7. The event that had the greatest influence on the role of
practical nurses in modern hospital nursing was
|
a.
|
the Crusades.
|
|
b.
|
the Industrial Revolution.
|
|
c.
|
the U.S. Civil War.
|
|
d.
|
World War II.
|
ANS: D
World War II and the
shortage of nurses it created greatly expanded the practice sites available to
practical nurses. In the face of the nursing shortage, hospitals gradually
increased the responsibilities designated for the practical nurse. The other
options had a lesser impact on modern hospital nursing.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
REF: p. 58 | p. 59 OBJ: 3 | 6
TOP: PN
role
change
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
8. When in history was it first recommended that tasks of the RN
and LPN be differentiated and that practical nurses should function under the
supervision of registered nurses?
|
a.
|
1750-1760
|
|
b.
|
1826-1850
|
|
c.
|
1949-1950
|
|
d.
|
1965-1980
|
ANS: C
In 1949, the Joint
Committee on Practical Nurses and Auxiliary Workers in Nursing Services
recommended the title licensed practical nurse to
differentiate between the tasks of PNs and LPNs; the joint committee also
recommended that LPNs work under the supervision of RNs.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
59
OBJ: 4
TOP: LPN
task
differentiation
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
9. The role of self-defined practical nurses throughout history has
been to
|
a.
|
care for the ill, injured, and dying and
birthing mothers.
|
|
b.
|
compete with physicians and surgeons.
|
|
c.
|
perform complex nursing skills
independently.
|
|
d.
|
make contact with the gods on behalf of the
ill person.
|
ANS: A
History has seen
people called attendants, midwives, and self-proclaimed
nurses who had special skills in helping those who were ill. These
self-proclaimed nurses were the original home health nurses and visiting
nurses, who cared for patients who were ill, injured, or dying and mothers who
were giving birth. The other options were never considered roles of the
practical nurse.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
56
OBJ: 4
TOP: Role
of self-proclaimed nurses KEY:
Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
10. The event that had the most profound influence in changing
practical/vocational nursing was
|
a.
|
the depression of the 1930s, when nurses
worked for room and board in lieu of salary.
|
|
b.
|
the post-World War II movement of
practical/vocational nurses into hospital positions.
|
|
c.
|
the American Medical Association (AMA)
proposal to develop registered care technicians as new health care workers.
|
|
d.
|
the first computer-adaptive test for
practical/vocational nursing graduates.
|
ANS: B
The nursing shortage
following World War II was responsible for hospitals hiring
practical/vocational nurses and for the gradual expansion of the role of the
practical/vocational nurse. None of the other options offered had the same
degree of influence as World War II and the subsequent nursing shortage.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
REF: p. 58 | p. 59 OBJ: 6
TOP:
History KEY:
Nursing Process Step:
N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
11. When permitted by the state Nurse Practice Act, under what
conditions can the LPN/LVN perform complex nursing skills not taught in the
basic educational program?
|
a.
|
When ordered to do so by the attending
physician
|
|
b.
|
When the task is delegated to a competent
LPN/LVN by a supervising RN
|
|
c.
|
When the LPN/LVN has graduated from a nursing
program accredited by the National League for Nursing
|
|
d.
|
When the state of practice has declared a
severe nursing shortage
|
ANS: B
Delegation, if allowed
by the Nurse Practice Act of the state, can take place if the RN teaches the
skill, observes a return demonstration, documents the teaching/learning process
in the LPN/LVN’s file, and provides ongoing direct supervision. LPN/LVNs are
under the direct supervision of professional nurses. Accreditation of the
school does not confer the right to accept delegation. Nursing shortages cannot
dictate the acceptability of delegation.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 50 | p.
64 OBJ: 3
TOP:
Delegation KEY: Nursing Process Step:
N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
12. A major reason for LPN/LVN graduates to join nursing
organizations is that membership
|
a.
|
keeps one updated on issues that affect
practical nursing.
|
|
b.
|
enhances one’s standing among registered
nurses.
|
|
c.
|
provides an opportunity to draft legislation
for health care workers.
|
|
d.
|
encourages practical nurses to expand their
social horizons.
|
ANS: A
Membership in a
nursing organization provides access to information relevant to the standing,
as well as the practice, of nursing. Proposed changes in the Nurse Practice Act
can be disseminated and the organization can use its collective power to
support or call for defeat of such measures. The greater the membership in an
organization, the greater the political power the group has. The other options
are not considered major reasons for belonging to a nursing organization.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
REF: p.
63
OBJ: N/A
TOP:
Political
action
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
13. Which statement best explains the “entry into practice”
controversy?
|
a.
|
Nursing shortages would be relieved if all
nurses entered into practice as LPN/LVNs.
|
|
b.
|
The return to self-proclaimed nurses would
save scarce health care dollars.
|
|
c.
|
“Entry into practice” refers to discerning
the educational level most appropriate for entry into the practice of
nursing: ADN, BSN, MSN.
|
|
d.
|
After graduation, all professional and
vocational nurses should enter practice by serving a 1-year internship in a hospital
setting.
|
ANS: C
“Entry into practice,”
originally advanced by the ANA, refers to the movement to establish two levels
of nursing. More recently it has become a question of determining the most
appropriate entry into practice for professional nurses: the ADN, BSN, or
master’s level of preparation. The other options are not related to entry into
practice.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
62
OBJ: 5
TOP: Entry
into
practice
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
14. Which was the first state to pass a law licensing practical
nurses?
|
a.
|
Alabama
|
|
b.
|
California
|
|
c.
|
New York
|
|
d.
|
Mississippi
|
ANS: D
Mississippi was the
first state to pass a law licensing practical nurses.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p.
57
OBJ: 4
TOP:
Nursing
history
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
15. The first chapter of the American Red Cross was established by
|
a.
|
Clara Barton.
|
|
b.
|
Sairy Gamp.
|
|
c.
|
Dorothea Lynde Dix.
|
|
d.
|
Florence Nightingale.
|
ANS: A
Clara Barton
established the first chapter of the American Red Cross. Sairy Gamp was a
fictional character in Charles Dickens’ novel Martin Chuzzlewit.
Dorothea Lynde Dix was appointed superintendent of nurses and organized a corps
of female nurses during the Civil War. Florence Nightingale nursed wounded
soldiers during the Crimean War.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p.
56
OBJ: 1
TOP:
Nursing
history
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Which of the following are major concerns associated with the
present nursing shortage? (Select all that apply.)
|
a.
|
Patient safety
|
|
b.
|
High patient acuity
|
|
c.
|
High nurse-to-patient ratios
|
|
d.
|
High stress among nurses
|
|
e.
|
High recruitment incentives
|
ANS: A, B, C, D
Patient safety is a
concern, because errors are more common when nurse-to-patient ratios are high.
Patients in hospitals now are sicker than they were previously. High patient
acuity requires increasingly skilled nurses, and the high-acuity patient
requires more nursing time; neither may be available during a nursing shortage.
Errors increase when one nurse has a patient load that is so large that care is
rushed. Nurses leave the workforce as a result of high stress; this worsens the
shortage. High recruitment incentives are not considered major concerns
associated with the shortage of nurses.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Analysis
REF: p.
63
OBJ: 5
TOP:
Present nursing
shortage
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2. Practical nurses are referred to as those who, from the
beginning of time, chose (or were appointed) to care for individuals who were
ill, injured, dying, or having babies. Names used to designate this person have
included which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
|
a.
|
Midwife
|
|
b.
|
Attendant
|
|
c.
|
Trained nurse
|
|
d.
|
Practical nurse
|
|
e.
|
Self-proclaimed nurse
|
|
f.
|
Babysitter
|
ANS: A, B, C, D,
E
Practical nurses have
had a varied and colorful evolution. Practical nurses are referred to in a
broad sense as those who, from the beginning of time, chose (or were appointed)
to care for individuals who were ill, injured, dying, or having babies. Names
used to designate this person have included midwife, attendant, trained nurse,
practical nurse, and self-proclaimed nurse.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
56
OBJ: N/A
TOP:
Nursing
history
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3. Which individuals made significant contributions to nursing? (Select
all that apply.)
|
a.
|
Lillian Wald
|
|
b.
|
Linda Richards
|
|
c.
|
Sairy Gamp
|
|
d.
|
Betsy Prig
|
|
e.
|
Mary Mahoney
|
ANS: A, B, E
Wald organized the
first visiting nurse service for the poor. Linda Richards was America’s first
professionally trained nurse; she organized other training schools. Mary
Mahoney was the first African-American graduate nurse. Gamp and Prigg were
Dickens characters who portrayed nurses as scoundrels and women of ill repute.
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
64
OBJ: N/A
TOP:
History KEY:
Nursing Process Step:
N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
COMPLETION
1. After licensing, the LPN/LVN is permitted to perform complex
nursing skills as delegated by the registered nurse (RN) and allowed by the
____________________.
ANS:
Nurse Practice Act
After licensing, the
LPN/LVN is permitted to perform complex nursing skills as delegated by the
registered nurse (RN) and allowed by the Nurse Practice Act.
DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
REF: p.
50
OBJ: N/A
TOP:
Modern practical
nurses
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
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