NUR 634 Midterm Examination Answers
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NUR 634 Midterm
Is the following
information subjective or objective?
Mr. M. has a
respiratory rate of 32 and a pulse rate of 120.
1. A) Subjective
2. B) Objective
Which is the proper
sequence of examination for the abdomen?
1.
A) Auscultation,
inspection, palpation, percussion
2.
B) Inspection,
percussion, palpation, auscultation
3.
C) Inspection,
auscultation, percussion, palpation
4.
D) Auscultation,
percussion, inspection, palpation
Mrs. R. is a
92-year-old retired teacher who comes to your clinic accompanied by her
daughter. You ask Mrs. R. why she came to your clinic today. She looks at her
daughter and doesn’t say anything in response to your question. This is an
example of which type of challenging patient?
1. A) Talkative patient
2. B) Angry patient
3. C) Silent patient
4. D) Hearing-impaired patient
Which of the following
is a clinical identifier of metabolic syndrome?
1. A) Waist circumference of 38 inches for a male
2. B) Waist circumference of 34 inches for a
female
3. C) BP of 134/88 for a male
4. D) BP of 128/84 for a female
Bill, a 55-year-old
man, presents with pain in his epigastrium which lasts for 30 minutes or more
at a time and has started recently. Which of the following should be
considered?
1.
A) Peptic ulcer
2.
B) Pancreatitis
3.
C) Myocardial ischemia
4.
D) All of the above
A 75-year-old retired
teacher presents to your clinic, complaining of severe, unrelenting anterior
chest pain radiating to her back. She describes it as if someone is “ripping
out her heart.” It began less than an hour ago. She states she is feeling very
nauseated and may pass out. She denies any trauma or recent illnesses. She
states she has never had pain like this before. Nothing seems to make the pain
better or worse. Her medical history consists of difficult-to-control
hypertension and coronary artery disease requiring two stents in the past. She
is a widow. She denies any alcohol, tobacco, or illegal drug use. Her mother
died of a stroke and her father died of a heart attack. She has one younger
brother who has had bypass surgery. On examination you see an elderly female in
a great deal of distress. She is lying on the table, curled up, holding her
left and right arms against her chest and is restless, trying to find a
comfortable position. Her blood pressure is 180/110 in the right arm and 130/60
in the left arm, and her pulse is 120. Her right carotid pulse is bounding but
the left carotid pulse is weak. She is afebrile but her respirations are 24
times a minute. On auscultation her lungs are clear and her cardiac examination
is unremarkable. You call EMS and have her taken to the hospital’s ER for
further evaluation.
What disorder of the
chest best describes her symptoms?
1.
A) Angina pectoris
2.
B) Pericarditis
3.
C) Dissecting aortic
aneurysm
4.
D) Pleural pain
A patient is assigned
a visual acuity of 20/100 in her left eye. Which of the following is
true?
1. A) She obtains a 20% correct score at 100
feet.
2. B) She can accurately name 20% of the letters
at 20 feet.
3. C) She can see at 20 feet what a normal person
could see at 100 feet.
4. D) She can see at 100 feet what a normal
person could see at 20 feet.
A 46-year-old former
salesman presents to the ER, complaining of black stools for the past few
weeks. His past medical history is significant for cirrhosis. He has gained
weight recently, especially around his abdomen. He has smoked two packs of
cigarettes a day for 30 years and has drunk approximately 10 alcoholic
beverages a day for 25 years. He has used IV heroin and smoked crack in the
past. He denies any recent use. He is currently unemployed and has never been
married. On examination you find a man appearing older than his stated age. His
skin has a yellowish tint and he is thin, with a prominent abdomen. You note
multiple “spider angiomas” at the base of his neck. Otherwise, his heart and
lung examinations are normal. On inspection he has dilated veins around his
umbilicus. Increased bowel sounds are heard during auscultation. Palpation
reveals diffuse tenderness that is more severe in the epigastric area. His
liver is small and hard to palpation and he has a positive fluid wave. He is
positive for occult blood on his rectal examination.
What cause of black
stools most likely describes his symptoms and signs?
1. A) Infectious diarrhea
2. B) Mallory-Weiss tear
3. C) Esophageal varices
Mrs. Hill is a
28-year-old African-American with a history of SLE (systemic lupus
erythematosus). She has noticed a raised, dark red rash on her legs. When
you press on the rash, it doesn’t blanch. What would you tell her
regarding her rash?
1. A) It is likely to be related to her lupus.
2. B) It is likely to be related to an exposure to
a chemical.
3. C) It is likely to be related to an allergic
reaction.
4. D) It should not cause any problems.
A 21-year-old
receptionist comes to your clinic, complaining of frequent diarrhea. She states
that the stools are very loose and there is some cramping beforehand. She
states this has occurred on and off since she was in high school. She denies
any nausea, vomiting, or blood in her stool. Occasionally she has periods of
constipation, but that is rare. She thinks the diarrhea is much worse when she is
nervous. Her past medical history is not significant. She is single and a
junior in college majoring in accounting. She smokes when she drinks alcohol
but denies using any illegal drugs. Both of her parents are healthy. Her entire
physical examination is unremarkable.
What is most likely
the etiology of her diarrhea?
1. A) Secretory infections
2. B) Inflammatory infections
3. C) Irritable bowel syndrome
4. D) Malabsorption syndrome
A 27-year-old
policewoman comes to your clinic, complaining of severe left-sided back pain
radiating down into her groin. It began in the middle of the night and woke her
up suddenly. It hurts in her bladder to urinate but she has no burning on the
outside. She has had no frequency or urgency with urination but she has seen
blood in her urine. She has had nausea with the pain but no vomiting or fever.
She denies any other recent illness or injuries. Her past medical history is
unremarkable. She denies tobacco or drug use and drinks alcohol rarely. Her
mother has high blood pressure and her father is healthy. On examination she
looks her stated age and is in obvious pain. She is lying on her left side
trying to remain very still. Her cardiac, pulmonary, and abdominal examinations
are unremarkable. She has tenderness just inferior to the left costovertebral
angle. Her urine pregnancy test is negative and her urine analysis shows red
blood cells.
What type of urinary
tract pain is she most likely to have?
1. A) Kidney pain (from pyelonephritis)
2. B) Ureteral pain (from a kidney stone)
3. C) Musculoskeletal pain
4. D) Ischemic bowel pain
Chris is a 20-year-old
college student who has had abdominal pain for 3 days. It started at his
umbilicus and was associated with nausea and vomiting. He was unable to find a
comfortable position. Yesterday, the pain became more severe and constant. Now,
he hesitates to walk, because any motion makes the pain much worse. It is
localized just medial and inferior to his iliac crest on the right. Which of
the following is most likely?
1. A) Peptic ulcer
2. B) Cholecystitis
3. C) Pancreatitis
4. D) Appendicitis
A 68-year-old retired
farmer comes to your office for evaluation of a skin lesion. On the right
temporal area of the forehead, you see a flattened papule the same color as his
skin, covered by a dry scale that is round and feels hard. He has several more
of these scattered on the forehead, arms, and legs. Based on this description,
what is your most likely diagnosis?
1. A) Actinic keratosis
2. B) Seborrheic keratosis
3. C) Basal cell carcinoma
4. D) Squamous cell carcinoma
Jim is a 60-year-old
man who presents with vomiting. He denies seeing any blood with emesis, which
has been occurring for 2 days. He does note a dark, granular substance
resembling the coffee left in the filter after brewing. What do you suspect?
1. A) Bleeding from a diverticulum
2. B) Bleeding from a peptic ulcer
3. C) Bleeding from a colon cancer
4. D) Bleeding from cholecystitis
A 76-year-old retired
farmer comes to your office complaining of abdominal pain, constipation, and a
low-grade fever for about 3 days. He denies any nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
The only unusual thing he remembers eating is two bags of popcorn at the movies
with his grandson, 3 days before his symptoms began. He denies any other recent
illnesses. His past medical history is significant for coronary artery disease
and high blood pressure. He has been married for over 50 years. He denies any
tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. His mother died of colon cancer and his father
had a stroke. On examination he appears his stated age and is in no acute
distress. His temperature is 100.9 degrees and his other vital signs are
unremarkable. His head, cardiac, and pulmonary examinations are normal. He has
normal bowel sounds and is tender over the left lower quadrant. He has no
rebound or guarding. His rectal examination is unremarkable and his fecal
occult blood test is negative. His prostate is slightly enlarged but his
testicular, penile, and inguinal examinations are all normal. Blood work is
pending.
What diagnosis for
abdominal pain best describes his symptoms and signs?
1. A) Acute diverticulitis
2. B) Acute cholecystitis
3. C) Acute appendicitis
4. D) Mesenteric ischemia
You are obtaining an
arterial blood gas in the radial artery on a retired cab driver who has been
hospitalized in the intensive care unit for a stroke. You are concerned about
the possibility of arterial insufficiency. You perform the Allen test. This
means that you:
1. A) Checked for patency of the radial artery
2. B) Checked for patency of the brachial artery
3. C) Checked for patency of the ulnar artery
4. D) Checked for patency of the femoral artery
You are a student in
the vascular surgery clinic. You are asked to perform a physical examination on
a patient with known peripheral vascular disease in the legs. Which of the
following aspects is important to note when you perform your examination?
1. A) Size, symmetry, and skin color
2. B) Muscle bulk and tone
3. C) Nodules in joints
4. D) Lower extremity strength
A 37-year-old nurse
comes for evaluation of colicky right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The pain
is associated with nausea and vomiting and occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating
greasy foods. Which one of the following physical examination descriptions
would be most consistent with the diagnosis of cholecystitis?
1. A) Abdomen is soft, nontender, and
nondistended, without hepatosplenomegaly or masses.
2. B) Abdomen is soft and tender to palpation in
the right lower quadrant, without rebound or guarding.
3. C) Abdomen is soft and tender to palpation in
the right upper quadrant with inspiration, to the point of stopping
inspiration, and there is no rebound or guarding.
4. D) Abdomen is soft and tender to palpation in
the mid-epigastric area, without rebound or guarding.
A 28-year-old patient
comes to the office for evaluation of a rash. At first there was only one large
patch, but then more lesions erupted suddenly on the back and torso; the
lesions itch. On physical examination, you note that the pattern of eruption is
like a Christmas tree and that there are a variety of erythematous papules and
macules on the cleavage lines of the back. Based on this description, what is
the most likely diagnosis?
1. A) Pityriasis rosea
2. B) Tinea versicolor
3. C) Psoriasis
4. D) Atopic eczema
A 58-year-old gardener
comes to your office for evaluation of a new lesion on her upper chest. The
lesion appears to be “stuck on” and is oval, brown, and slightly elevated with
a flat surface. It has a rough, wartlike texture on palpation. Based on this description,
what is your most likely diagnosis?
1. A) Actinic keratosis
2. B) Seborrheic keratosis
3. C) Basal cell carcinoma
4. D) Squamous cell carcinoma
A middle-aged man
comes in because he has noticed multiple small, blood-red, raised lesions over
his anterior chest and abdomen for the past several months. They are not
painful and he has not noted any bleeding or bruising. He is concerned
this may be consistent with a dangerous condition. What should you do?
1. A) Reassure him that there is nothing to worry
about.
2. B) Do laboratory work to check for platelet
problems.
3. C) Obtain an extensive history regarding blood
problems and bleeding disorders.
4. D) Do a skin biopsy in the office.
You are assessing a
patient for peripheral vascular disease in the arms, secondary to a complaint
of increased weakness and a history of coronary artery disease and diabetes.
You assess the brachial and radial pulses and note that they are bounding. What
does that translate to on a scale of 0 to 3?
1. A) 0
2. B) 3+
3. C) 2+
4. D) 1+
You are speaking to an
8th grade class about health prevention and are preparing to discuss the ABCDEs
of melanoma. Which of the following descriptions correctly defines the ABCDEs?
1. A) A = actinic; B = basal cell; C = color
changes, especially blue; D = diameter >6 mm; E = evolution
2. B) A = asymmetry; B = irregular borders; C =
color changes, especially blue; D = diameter >6 mm; E = evolution
3. C) A = actinic; B = irregular borders; C =
keratoses; D = dystrophic nails; E = evolution
4. D) A = asymmetry; B = regular borders; C =
color changes, especially orange; D = diameter >6 mm; E = evolution
Which of the following
changes are expected in vision as part of the normal aging process?
1. A) Cataracts
2. B) Glaucoma
3. C) Macular degeneration
4. D) Blurring of near vision
A light is pointed at
a patient’s pupil, which contracts. It is also noted that the other pupil
contracts as well, though it is not exposed to bright light. Which of the
following terms describes this latter phenomenon?
1. A) Direct reaction
2. B) Consensual reaction
3. C) Near reaction
4. D) Accommodation
A patient complains of
knee pain on your arrival in the room. What should your first sentence be
after greeting the patient?
1. A) How much pain are you having?
2. B) Have you injured this knee in the past?
3. C) When did this first occur?
4. D) Could you please describe what happened?
A 55–year-old smoker
complains of chest pain and gestures with a closed fist over her sternum to
describe it. Which of the following diagnoses should you consider because
of her gesture?
1. A) Bronchitis
2. B) Costochondritis
3. C) Pericarditis
4. D) Angina pectoris
A 77-year-old retired
bus driver comes to your clinic for a physical examination at his wife’s
request. He has recently been losing weight and has felt very fatigued. He has
had no chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, or fever. His past
medical history includes colon cancer, for which he had surgery, and arthritis.
He has been married for over 40 years. He denies any tobacco or drug use and
has not drunk alcohol in over 40 years. His parents both died of cancer in
their 60s. On examination his vital signs are normal. His head, cardiac, and
pulmonary examinations are unremarkable. On abdominal examination you hear
normal bowel sounds, but when you palpate his liver it is abnormal. His rectal
examination is positive for occult blood.
What further
abnormality of the liver was likely found on examination?
1. A) Smooth, large, nontender liver
2. B) Irregular, large liver
3. C) Smooth, large, tender liver
An elderly woman with
a history of coronary bypass comes in with severe, diffuse, abdominal pain.
Strangely, during your examination, the pain is not made worse by pressing on
the abdomen. What do you suspect?
1. A) Malingering
2. B) Neuropathy
3. C) Ischemia
4. D) Physical abuse
A 58-year-old teacher
presents to your clinic with a complaint of breathlessness with activity.
The patient has no chronic conditions and does not take any medications, herbs,
or supplements. Which of the following symptoms is appropriate to ask about in
the cardiovascular review of systems?
1. A) Abdominal pain
2. B) Orthopnea
3. C) Hematochezia
4. D) Tenesmus
You are screening
people at the mall as part of a health fair. The first person who comes for
screening has a blood pressure of 132/85. How would you categorize this?
1. A) Normal
2. B) Prehypertension
3. C) Stage 1 hypertension
4. D) Stage 2 hypertension
Jacob, a 33-year-old
construction worker, complains of a “lump on his back” over his scapula.
It has been there for about a year and is getting larger. He says his
wife has been able to squeeze out a cheesy-textured substance on
occasion. He worries this may be cancer. When gently pinched from
the side, a prominent dimple forms in the middle of the mass. What is most
likely?
1. A) An enlarged lymph node
2. B) A sebaceous cyst
3. C) An actinic keratosis
4. D) A malignant lesion
A 72-year-old teacher
comes to a skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation after being in the
hospital for 6 weeks. She was treated for sepsis and respiratory failure and
had to be on the ventilator for 3 weeks. You are completing your initial
assessment and are evaluating her skin condition. On her sacrum there is
full-thickness skin loss that is 5 cm in diameter, with damage to the
subcutaneous tissue. The underlying muscle is not affected. You diagnose this
as a pressure ulcer. What is the stage of this ulcer?
1. A) Stage 1
2. B) Stage 2
3. C) Stage 3
4. D) Stage 4
Mr. Maxwell has
noticed that he is gaining weight and has increasing girth. Which of the
following would argue for the presence of ascites?
1. A) Bilateral flank tympany
2. B) Dullness which remains despite change in
position
3. C) Dullness centrally when the patient is
supine
4. D) Tympany which changes location with patient
position
Ms. Whiting is a 68
year old who comes in for her usual follow-up visit. You notice a few flat red
and purple lesions, about 6 centimeters in diameter, on the ulnar aspect of her
forearms but nowhere else. She doesn’t mention them. They are tender when
you examine them. What should you do?
1. A) Conclude that these are lesions she has had
for a long time.
2. B) Wait for her to mention them before asking
further questions.
3. C) Ask how she acquired them.
4. D) Conduct the visit as usual for the patient.
A 55-year-old
secretary with a recent history of breast cancer, for which she underwent
surgery and radiation therapy, and a history of hypertension comes to your
office for a routine checkup. Which of the following aspects of the physical
are important to note when assessing the patient for peripheral vascular
disease in the arms?
1. A) Femoral pulse, popliteal pulse
2. B) Dorsalis pedis pulse, posterior tibial
pulse
3. C) Carotid pulse
4. D) Radial pulse, brachial pulse
A 62-year-old woman
has been followed by you for 3 years and has had recent onset of hypertension.
She is still not at goal despite three antihypertensive medicines, and you
strongly doubt nonadherence. Her father died of a heart attack at age 58. Today
her pressure is 168/94 and pressure on the other arm is similar. What would you
do next?
1. A) Add a fourth medicine
2. B) Refer to nephrology
3. C) Get a CT scan
4. D) Listen closely to her abdomen
Which of the following
is consistent with obturator sign?
1. A) Pain distant from the site used to check
rebound tenderness
2. B) Right hypogastric pain with the right hip
and knee flexed and the hip internally rotated
3. C) Pain with extension of the right thigh
while the patient is on her left side or while pressing her knee against your
hand with thigh flexion
4. D) Pain that stops inhalation in the right
upper quadrant
A 17-year-old high
school senior presents to your clinic in acute respiratory distress. Between
shallow breaths he states he was at home finishing his homework when he
suddenly began having right-sided chest pain and severe shortness of breath. He
denies any recent traumas or illnesses. His past medical history is
unremarkable. He doesn’t smoke but drinks several beers on the weekend. He has
tried marijuana several times but denies any other illegal drugs. He is an
honors student and is on the basketball team. His parents are both in good
health. He denies any recent weight gain, weight loss, fever, or night sweats.
On examination you see a tall, thin young man in obvious distress. He is
diaphoretic and is breathing at a rate of 35 breaths per minute. On auscultation
you hear no breath sounds on the right side of his superior chest wall. On
percussion he is hyperresonant over the right upper lobe. With palpation he has
absent fremitus over the right upper lobe.
What disorder of the
thorax or lung best describes his symptoms?
1. A) Spontaneous pneumothorax
2. B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
3. C) Asthma
4. D) Pneumonia
Monique is a
33-year-old administrative assistant who has had intermittent lower abdominal
pain approximately one week a month for the past year. It is not related to her
menses. She notes relief with defecation, and a change in form and frequency of
her bowel movements with these episodes. Which of the following is most likely?
1. A) Colon cancer
2. B) Cholecystitis
3. C) Inflammatory bowel disease
4. D) Irritable bowel syndrome
Mrs. LaFarge is a
60-year-old who presents with urinary incontinence. She is unable to get to the
bathroom quickly enough when she senses the need to urinate. She has normal
mobility. Which of the following is most likely?
1. A) Stress incontinence
2. B) Urge incontinence
3. C) Overflow incontinence
4. D) Functional incontinence
Which of the following
percussion notes would you obtain over the gastric bubble?
1. A) Resonance
2. B) Tympany
3. C) Hyperresonance
4. D) Flatness
A 17-year-old high
school senior presents to your clinic in acute respiratory distress. Between
shallow breaths he states he was at home finishing his homework when he
suddenly began having right-sided chest pain and severe shortness of breath. He
denies any recent traumas or illnesses. His past medical history is
unremarkable. He doesn’t smoke but drinks several beers on the weekend. He has
tried marijuana several times but denies any other illegal drugs. He is an
honors student and is on the basketball team. His parents are both in good
health. He denies any recent weight gain, weight loss, fever, or night sweats.
On examination you see a tall, thin young man in obvious distress. He is
diaphoretic and is breathing at a rate of 35 breaths per minute. On auscultation
you hear no breath sounds on the right side of his superior chest wall. On
percussion he is hyperresonant over the right upper lobe. With palpation he has
absent fremitus over the right upper lobe.
What disorder of the
thorax or lung best describes his symptoms?
1. A) Spontaneous pneumothorax
2. B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
3. C) Asthma
4. D) Pneumonia
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